2014 Lake Champlain Salmon Restoration

Officials from the Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department, the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation and the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service announced that the assessment results for 2014 show continued gains for Lake Champlain’s landlocked Atlantic salmon fishery restoration.

Landlocked Atlantic Salmon

Fish Culture Operations Chief Adam Miller with a landlocked Atlantic salmon at the Ed Weed Fish Culture Station in Grand Isle, Vermont

The three groups make up the Lake Champlain Fish and Wildlife Management Cooperative and work collaboratively on restoration efforts. They reported a number of highlights from recent evaluation activities that indicate further improvement to the lake’s salmon population.

The joint efforts have included lampricide treatments to kill young lamprey before they get into Lake Champlain and start to attack salmon and other gamefish, stocking programs and fish ladders and lifts to help the salmon reach spawning grounds.

 Lake Champlain Salmon Restoration Success Indicators

One of the primary indicators is the strength of annual salmon spawning runs – which have produced several record or near-record numbers in 2014. Some of the key data points include:

• 158 salmon lifted at the Winooski River Fish Lift at the Winooski One Hydroelectric Facility in Winooski, VT – this is the second highest number in the 22-year history of the fish lift operation. Most of these fish were trucked upstream and released above  the dam in Essex, VT dam for access to suitable spawning habitat.
• Salmon spawning activity was observed for the first time at several locations in the release section of the Winooski River, and its tributary, the Huntington River.
• Salmon lifted at the Winooski facility were in excellent health and ranged in size – one was a state record-class male salmon measuring 32 inches and weighing 14 pounds, the largest salmon ever observed from Lake Champlain in the history of the restoration program.
• A record 724 salmon collected in Hatchery Brook at the Ed Weed Fish Culture Station in Grand Isle, VT. Many of the salmon collected were used to provide eggs for hatchery production.
• 139 salmon were collected in the Lamoille River below Peterson Dam – this is the most collected in a season since 1993.
• 43 salmon were captured and passed upstream at the Boquet River fishway in Willsboro, NY – the most passed at this site since 2011.
• Two other Lake Champlain tributaries not know for significant salmon runs yielded record numbers of salmon in 2014 surveys: 30 salmon in Otter Creek in Vergennes, VT, and 19 salmon in the Missisquoi River in Swanton, VT.
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  Sea Lamprey attached to fish

  Additionally, data from 2014 assessments also show the lowest sea lamprey wounding rates since the long term sea lamprey control program began in 2002.

• Lamprey wounds on salmon declined from 19 wounds per 100 fish in 2013 to 15 wounds per 100 fish in 2014, meeting the Lake Champlain Fish and Wildlife Management Cooperative’s target wounding level for salmon. Lamprey wounds on lake trout also declined to 30 wounds per 100 fish in 2014, from 54 in 2013.
• This contrasts sharply to the 2003 results when sea lamprey were near peak abundance, at a rate of 93 wounds per 100 salmon. That year, salmon returns were extremely low – only 84 collected from Hatchery Brook, 21 from the Lamoille River, and 14 from the Winooski River.

“The reduction in lamprey wounding rates indicate an overall decrease in sea lamprey abundance in Lake Champlain, and highlights the continued success and improvements in the sea lamprey control program. Through technological advances in survey and treatment methods and the inclusion of newly identified lamprey population infestations, the control program has gained more ground and become more comprehensive in its approach.” ~ Bradley Young, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, sea lamprey control program supervisor